An Extension of the Reciprocity Theorem to Include High-Level Injection Conditions

This brief extends the general proof of the Ebers-Moll reciprocity theorem to include high-level injection conditions in bipolar base regions. The theorem, originally derived for the low-level case, is shown to be valid in the high-level limit, as long as the emitter injection efficiency is sufficiently high in both reciprocal configurations. © 1990 IEEE