Approximate k-MSTs and k-Steiner trees via the primal-dual method and Lagrangean relaxation

Garg gives two approximation algorithms for the minimum-cost tree spanning k vertices in an undirected graph. Recently Jain and Vazirani discovered primal-dual approximation algorithms for the metric uncapacitated facility location and k-median problems. In this paper we show how Garg's algorithms can be explained simply with ideas introduced by Jain and Vazirani, in particular via a Lagrangean relaxation technique together with the primal-dual method for approximation algorithms. We also derive a constant factor approximation algorithm for the k-Steiner tree problem using these ideas, and point out the common features of these problems that allow them to be solved with similar techniques. © Springer-Verlag 2004.